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newssys.5
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NEWSSYS(5) NEWSSYS(5)
NAME
newssys - USENET network news sys (neighbours) file
DESCRIPTION
The file uunews:/sys describes which news groups this site
is willing to receive and which groups it is willing to
transmit to each netnews neighbour. It is public informa-
tion and is sent automatically to any site that sends a
sendsys control message. A sys line has four fields, sep-
arated by colons:
system-
name/exclusion1,exclusion2...:subscriptions/distributions:flags:transmission
command
A # as the first character in a line denotes a comment.
Empty lines are ignored. A (non-comment) sys entry may be
continued to the next line by putting a \ at the end of
the current line. Spaces are permitted in sys only in
comments, transmission command when it really is a command
and not a filename, and, for B news compatibility, at the
start of a continuation line (after a \ and a newline).
Of the sys fields, only the system-name need be present.
If a field and all the fields after it are omitted, the
colon immediately before that field and all the colons
after it may be omitted too. The optional subfields
(exclusions and distributions) and their leading slashes
may be omitted.
The system name is the name of the system being sent to,
and is checked against site names in Path: headers to
avoid sending an article back to a site that has seen it.
The exclusions are also checked against the Path: header
and articles are not sent to system name if they have vis-
ited any of the exclusions.
(The special system name ME stands for the name of the
machine news is running on, as determined from
uunews:/whoami. The ME line, or a line whose system name
is explicitly that of the machine news is running on, has
a rather different meaning from that of the other sys file
lines: its subscriptions subfield identifies the news-
groups that this site subscribes to (i.e. is willing to
receive), and its other fields and subfields are ignored.
There should be one such line in the file.)
subscriptions is a comma-separated list of newsgroup pat-
terns specifying the newsgroups to be transmitted to the
system; each newsgroup from the Newsgroups: header of each
article is matched against the pattern list, and if any
newsgroup matches the pattern list, the article is trans-
mitted. The rules for matching a newsgroup against a sin-
gle pattern are:
9 Sept 1994 1
NEWSSYS(5) NEWSSYS(5)
+ words in a newsgroup or a pattern are delimited by
periods;
+ words of a pattern and a newsgroup match only if they
are identical, except that the word all in a pattern
matches any newsgroup word;
+ a newsgroup is matched against a pattern word by word,
and all words must match for the newsgroup to match
that pattern;
+ if the pattern has fewer words than the newsgroup, the
pattern is implicitly extended to the same number of
words by appending .all as many times as necessary;
+ if the newsgroup has fewer words than the pattern, the
newsgroup does not match the pattern;
+ if pattern matches a newsgroup, !pattern mismatches
that newsgroup.
A newsgroup matches a pattern list if, and only if, it
matches at least one of the patterns and:
+ the newsgroup does not mismatch any of the patterns, or
+ the longest matched pattern is longer than the longest
mismatched pattern (length is measured in number of
words, with each explicit occurrence of all counted as
slightly less than one word, and does not include the
implicit extension of patterns with .all).
Note that order in the lists is not significant, and that
ties are broken in favor of not matching. An example:
comp,comp.sys.sun,!comp.sys matches all the comp groups,
except the comp.sys groups but including comp.sys.sun.
The distributions in the Distribution: header are simi-
larly matched against the distributions subfield, if any.
If no distributions are supplied, Distribution: will be
matched against the subscriptions instead. (The Distribu-
tion: header is ignored when receiving news; it is only
significant when sending.)
Note that some older news software reportedly attached
magical significance to the distributions ``world'' and
``local''; C News treats them as ordinary distribution
names with no special properties (except that ``world'' is
the default distribution of an article if none appears
explicitly). For example, a distributions list like
all,!local will not prevent local articles from being sent
unless they contain explicit Distribution: local lines.
Note too that the distribution ``world'' must be permitted
(perhaps by the distribution ``all'') in order to feed
9 Sept 1994 2
NEWSSYS(5) NEWSSYS(5)
Distribution:-less articles (the common case) to a site.
The flags are a set of letters describing how the article
should be transmitted. Valid flags include f (interpret
transmission command as a file name and write the arti-
cle's file name relative to uunews: and size in bytes on
the end of it), F (like f but omit the size), I (like F
but write Message-ID:s instead of filenames), n (like F
but write a Message-ID: after each filename), Ln (only
send articles generated within n hops of here; 0 is the
default value for n), m (transmit only moderated groups),
u (transmit only unmoderated groups). There are other
obsolete ones.
The transmission command is executed by the shell with the
article to be transmitted as the standard input. The sub-
string `%s' will be replaced at most once per command with
the name of a file containing the article, relative to
uunews: (`%%' is replaced by `%'). The default is `uux -
-z -r sysname!rnews' for a command; the PATH searched
includes uunews:bin/relay, so that the commands described
in newsmail(8) are available as alternatives to uux. If
one of the flags has caused this field to be taken as a
filename, the default is uunews:/out.going/sysname/togo;
if a filename is given but it does not start with `/', it
is assumed to be relative to the uunews:/out.going direc-
tory.
EXAMPLES
A complex sys file.
# line indicating what we are willing to receive; note local groups near end
ME:comp,news,sci,rec,misc,soc,talk,can,ont,tor,ut,to
# sample insignificant feed not using batching (for special situations only)
huey:news.config,to.huey/all::uux - -r -gd huey!rnews
# sample of mailing newsgroups to someone (note distribution)
daisy:soc.women,soc.couples/all::mail daisy@duck
# sample small feed using batching
gladstone:comp.protocols.tcp-ip,rec.aviation/all:f:
# sample major batched feed, including assorted regional newsgroups, with
# (unnecessary) explicit file name
dewey:comp,news,sci,rec,misc,soc,talk,can,ont,tor,ut,to.dewey/all:f:dewey/togo
# sample long-haul feed; note no regional groups, exclusion of a local
# distribution, and exclusion of anything that passed through him under
# another name (needed because he puts that form, not just "donald", in
# his Path lines)
donald/donald.angry.duck:comp,news,sci,rec,misc,soc,talk,to.donald/all,!ut:f:
# sample local-postings-only feed direct to major site (gets them out fast)
scrooge:comp,news,sci,rec,misc,soc,talk,to.scrooge/all:Lf:
# sample ihave/sendme link
# NOTE, this is uucp ihave/sendme, not related to NNTP in any way.
# Send ihave telling louie what we have -- batcher turns the batch into a
# giant control message and posts it to "to.louie".
louie.wehave/louie:comp,news,sci,rec,misc,soc,talk,!to/all:I:
9 Sept 1994 3
NEWSSYS(5) NEWSSYS(5)
# Send the actual control messages
louie:to.louie/all:f:
# Also, since ihave/sendme is slow, send local postings to louie without
# waiting for ihave/sendme
louie:comp,news,sci,rec,misc,soc,talk,!to/all:Lf:
# for a site we feed with snntp
zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu:all:n:uunews:/out.nntp/zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu
(The ``to.sysname'' groups are normal newsgroups used for
testing individual news feeds and conveying ihave/sendme
messages.)
FILES
uunews:/sys
SEE ALSO
newsbatch(8CN), relaynews(8CN)
HISTORY
Written by Geoff Collyer and Henry Spencer for the C News
project.
BUGS
The flags field is a bit of mess: there are too many for-
matting flags and they aren't orthogonal.
9 Sept 1994 4